Alexander's army across the Bipasha river They are not willing to cross the Bipasha Instead, they want to return home with their ancestral souls Because the news has reached Alexander's camp that the mighty king Ugrasena-Mahapadmananda is ready for war with his huge infantry, cavalry and elephant-carriage The experience of the Greek soldiers in the terrible battle with Puru is that death is inevitable only when the Bipasha is dead.

So the soldiers who are tired of knowing are not willing to die anymore Alexander turned to Macedonia The name of the mighty kingdom that was beyond the Bipasha is "Gangaridai" in the writings of the Greek historians Many people have translated it as -- "Gangarastra " We call it ".

Ganges Bengal" because it is spread across the Ganges valley Simply put, "Ganges Bengal" is the name of the name of the river Ganges, which Dr Dinesh Chandra Sarkar says is derived from the Greek word "Ganges" and "Ganges" is the name used to describe the river.

We know that the Gangarid race was particularly powerful at the time of Alexander's invasion of India, in the late 4th century BCE But Indian literature does not mention any race of Gangas or Ganges This suggests that the race was known by another name to Indians Ptolemy's Geography, written in the mid-2nd century CE, clearly states that the Gangarid race lived in the Ganges Delta, a country drained by five estuaries of the Ganges.

Kalidasa in his Raghuvamsa (4/36), dated to the 4th-5th centuries CE, suggests the existence of a Ganges race This suggests that the Greeks confused the name'Banga'( or'Banga ', meaning Bengal) with the name'Ganges'and later confused it with'Gandhara ' The name Gangarid was coined by the Pala pre-Hindu literature, Kolkata, June 1985.

Now let us see where it is located Megasthenes says that the Ganges flows from north to south and meets the sea at the eastern boundary of the kingdom of Gangaridai Ptolemy says that the Ganges estuary covers the entire area of the kingdom The Gangaridai state includes the last part of the Ganges River.

The Gangaridai occupied almost the entire area adjacent to the five mouths of the Ganges The capital was Ganges port According to Ptolemy's account, the area between the two main branches of the Ganges flowing through present-day West Bengal and Bangladesh in India can be identified as Gangaridai According to the Periplus, on the other hand, the Ganges country is located to the east of the Orissa coast adjacent to the Bay of Bengal.

Pliny says that the people of the southern part of the Ganges were black with sunburn Alexander had news that a mighty king named Agrammes or Xandrames was east of the Ganges Before the battle, the Greek forces of Alexander the Great were prepared to face the Indian army on the ground.

It was established soon after Alexander left India around 326 BCE, by the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya, and then around 305 BCE, the Greek king Seleucus of Babylon invaded Nicata and invaded the western regions of his kingdom This suggests that the Greek historian mentioned Egrammes was none other than the mythical Nandavamsi king Mahapadmananda.

Nandaraja Mahapadmananda's capital was Pataliputra and he was the king of the Gangaridai, or Prasi, or a people consisting of two peoples, Gangaridai and Prasi Prasi is the easternmost country The area of present-day Uttar Pradesh was called Madhya Pradesh, the easternmost was Madhya Pradesh, the westernmost was Prachi, the southernmost was Deccan, and the northern and northeasternmost was Udaichya.

In a nutshell, the easternmost countries of India were all mentioned by the Greek historians But what is the reason for this?.

But was the Nandaraja dynasty Gangarid or Bengalite? But how did the Nandarajas establish themselves in the Ganges Delta to Pataliputra, is still unclear However, Vishakha Datta's play Mudrarakshasa claims the Nanda dynasty as noble Chandragupta Maurya established his Maurya rule there, subsequently destroying the Nanda dynasty, but that Chandragupta Maurya is not called the king of the Gangarid race, although Bengal was under Mauryan rule.

From the above discussion, what the Greek historians call "Gangarid" is actually "Banga," more precisely "Gangetic Bengal " According to Ptolemy's Geography, the capital of this " Banga" race was the city of "Ganges," and on the other hand, Pataliputra We have already learned that the capital of the Nanda dynasty was in Pataliputra.

But does this "Ganges" mean Gangasagar? For, Gangasagar can be called by two names -- "Ganges" and "Sagar " Evidence of Shunga, Kushan and Gupta periods has been discovered in some places of the Ganges estuary This proves that there were several prosperous cities on many of the Ganges estuaries.

However, the existence of two separate kingdoms of Gangarids and Pataliputra in Bengal, shortly before the Gupta period, is attested by the writings of a writer of the first half of the 3rd century AD named Gaius Julius Solinus, before Ptolemy It states that the Gangarid nation had an army of 1,000 horsemen, 700 elephants and 6,000 infantry.

On the other hand, the eastern king of Pataliputra, namely Pataliputra, had an army of 30,000 horsemen, 8,000 elephants and 60,000 infantry The eastern bank of the Ganges-Bhagirathi was located between the Ganges and the eastern bank of the Ganges On the other hand, the eastern bank of the Ganges-Bhagirathi was located between the Ganges and the Hemachandra kingdom (Tamachandrachandra).

In other words, there were two powerful kingdoms on the eastern bank of the river Bipasha - the Puranas and the Gangaridai The capital of the Puranas was Pataliputra and the capital of the Gangaridai was Ganganagar Nihararanjan Raya states that the Puranas and the Gangaridai were united around the third quarter of the 4th century BCE.

Thus, Diodorus says that the Puranas and the Gangaridai were one country The Nandaras, whose wealth is stated in the Kathasaritsagara by Somadeva Bhatta to be 99 million gold pieces, came largely from Gangaridai, Gangetic Bengal in the Sujala Suphala Gangetic Valley According to Megasthenes and Strabo, at that time, the Bhagirathi was the upstream port of the Bhagirathi, and the Gangaridai was the capital of the Puranas and Gangaridai.

This river was the link between the two kingdoms This was the prehistoric route to India.

Dr Nihar Ranjan Ray states that the Ganges was located at the mouth of the Kumar River The Kumar River has at various times been known by different names, such as Kansai, Sagarmukh of Bhagirathi, Haringhata Mukha, Padma-Meghna combined, Buriganga Mukha Kumarkhali River near Faridpur near Kumar Talak Mandal and Garai River in present-day Bangladesh is a reference to the Kumar River.

The present Kumar River originates from the Padma-derived Mathabhanga River and joins the present-day Garai River at various parts, namely, Madhumati, Shilaidaha, Balasore, and merges with the Haringhata However, the name of the river on the banks of the Ganges was Gange or Ganges Port In this case, the Bengal accounts of Periplus, Ptolemy and Kalidasa's Raghuvamsha are synonymous.

Fine muslin from this Ganges port went abroad.

The Greek historians have called the Nanda kings the best of the Gangarid kings The Greeks described the Prachi or Prasai or the East or Magadha and the Gangarid or Gangetic Bengal as under the great king Mahapadmananda The Bengal-Bihar under the Nanda kings is evident in the Greek accounts.

Recently, evidence of a developed ancient civilization has been found at Chandraketugarh in Deganga thana of Barasat subdivision in North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal According to many researchers, this is the Gangenagari described by Periplus and Ptolemy Excavations have revealed various archaeological evidence of the Mauryan (322 BCE) and Shunga (178 BCE) eras.

It is known that the last Hindu king was Chandraketu The name of the area was Chandraketugarh The name of the area was Deulia during his time as there were many temples The name of the village still adjacent to Berchampa is Deulia From the middle of the 4th century BC to the 3rd century BC, Gangarid, the development boundary of the Gangetic Bengal state, according to researchers, was the Gangaridai or Gangetic Bengal state, which covered four major districts of Bangladesh Faridpur, Kushtia, Jessore, Khulna, and two-four Parganas of West Bengal, Nadia and Murshidabad.

Of late, the glorious Gangaridai, the Gangetic Bengal state, is emerging.