The northern part of Bengal was known as "Varendra " The land was once the best in terms of abundance. " Varinda" means fertile agricultural land The part of Maldah district that is suitable for Aman rice is called "Varinda " Thus, the evidence of " Varinda" meaning fertile agricultural land is actually present.

There were once several large islands in the Mahasamudra in this region and later the area around these islands were filled up to form the ancient Barinda land of today's Maldah-Dinajpur From "Varinda" in Sanskrit, "Varendra " The place is also known as Varendra Bhumi or Varendra Bhumi.

The third part of Panchagauda is the Barind land bounded by the Himalayas on the north, the Ganges / Padma on the south, the Jamuna and the New Brahmaputra on the east, and the old basin of the Kosi on the west The Kosi now flows over Mithila The ancient Barind land was divided into two parts - the northern part was occupied by Goalpara district of Assam, the plains of Darjeeling district, Kishanganj, Jhapa district of Nepal, Jalpaiguri, Cooch Behar, Rangpur, Dinajpur, Kamatapur Bhukti, while Bogra, Pabna, Rajshahi, Malda were the other parts of the Barind tract.

Kamatapur was ruled by ancient Mech dynasty kings and Poundrakshatriya kings Mahasthangarh in Bogra district of present-day Bangladesh on the banks of the Karatoya River was the capital of Poundrabardhan Varendrabhumi was once a center of Shaivism There are examples of this in Jalpeshwar, Jateshwar, Baneshwar, Bangarh, Someshwarpur, etc Later it became known as a Buddhist dominated area.

In Buddhist Bengal, Mahasthangarh in Bogra and Someshwarpur in Rajshahi were developed Later, Nathism became dominant, especially in the northern part of Varendrabhumi Evidence of this is the Gabhira songs composed for the Nathayogi Guru Gambhiranatha, an incarnation of Shiva, which are still in use in Maldah district.

Then in the post-Buddhist period, a society was formed on the soil of Varendrabhumi consisting of Varendrabhumi, Varendrabhumi Kayastha and Varendrabhumi Varendrabhumi, Varendrabhumi Kayastha used the titles Rai, Singh, Sarkar, Chakki, Deva, Burma, Dash, Kalita, etc On the other hand, the common titles among Varendrabhumi were Bhaduri, Sanyal, Lahiri, Bagchi, Maitra, Dhol, Kahali, Sarkhel, Karanjai, etc.

The villages of Varendrabhumi were Bhaduriya or Bhuturia in Dinajpur for Bhaduri, Sanjamini in Pabna for Sanyal, Bagchi in Bogra for Bagchi, Laheri in Rajshahi for Lahiri, etc The place-name word "Gaghi" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Grami ".

These Kaivartas of Varendrabhumi were the native Bengalis of the area The Aryans received this land for the sake of King Indra, hence the name "Varendrabhumi" or "Varendrabhumi " Traces of an earthen wall, about forty miles long, stretching from Sherpur in Bogra, present-day Bangladesh, to the extreme end of Gaibandha district, suggest that the wall was once militarily important, though not as old as China. In the local language, it is called ".

Bhimer Jangal ".

But surprisingly, there is no wall or dam in the area of about three miles from Daulatpur to Hazra Dighi near Mahasthangarh Since Mahasthangarh was the capital of Pundravardhana, there was no need for separate defence as soldiers were always there The three-mile area is thus empty Researcher William Hunter has compared this wall to the ring forts of Italy.

People of the area used to take shelter in such forts during times of danger There is a "Bhimer Panti" meaning digestion On a low marshy ground stands a pillar of grey stone about 12 feet tall, called "Bhimer Panti " Once a river path, the river has moved away after thousands of years and is now far away. This ".

Bhimer Panti" was built on the bank of a water body.

The "panti" or "pagana," which is short for stick The agricultural people then cultivated bulls and needed "pagana " Thus, this pagana testifies to the Kaivarta of the region as an agricultural people In this Varendrabhumu is the victory pillar of Kaivarta king Divyoka Mangalbarihat in Dhamoirhat Upazila, present-day Bangladesh.

To the south of this is Jahanpur Mouza, where the Garuda pillar made by Palaraja Narayanapala's minister Gurba Mishra is inscribed with Narayanpala's citation Two hundred miles away from this Gurba Mishra's Garuda pillar is the victory pillar of Kaivarta king Divyoka During the Pala period, during the Kaivarta rebellion, the townspeople of Varendrabhum were divided, and the rich and the poor were also divided.

In Bengal, people lived wherever they did, and the citizens of Varendrabhum were under dual rule First, under the Palas and second, under the local Buddhist Vihara Because the Palas had donated Varendrabhum to a local Buddhist Vihara So, in addition to the Rajkar, the citizens of Varendrabhum had to pay various "taxes" imposed by the local Buddhist Vihara, such as "hunting tax" when they went hunting in the forest, "water tax" for fishing in the river, "various" taxes for festivals.

"All these were to be paid by the Kaivartas of Varendrabhum Jagaddal was a Buddhist Vihara some distance away from Kaivartaraja Divyoka's victory pillar at Varendrabhum The ancient village of Jagaddal, 16 km from Joypurhat in present-day Bangladesh, is now" Jagaddal "22 km from here is the Paharpur (then Somakarpur) Buddhist Vihara.

The expenses of these institutions were to be borne by the Bhumiputra Kaivartas of Varendrabhum, though they had no connection with these institutions However, later on, the Buddhists became very active and the fishing of the Kaivartas was banned on the grounds of genocide The Bhumiputra Kaivartas of Varendrabhum could not accept the blow to their livelihood and the humiliation that came with it.

They were waiting for a leader Divyoka came as a leader and it was under his leadership that the first independent peasant state was formed in Varendrabhum, on earth.

This spontaneous armed rebellion of the Kaivarta people against the oppressive policies of the Palaraja Mahipala II (c AD 1) After Divyoka, his brother Rudoka ascended the throne of Varendri After Rudoka's death, his worthy son Bhima became the king Sandhyakar Nandi, the author of the "Ramacharita," praised Bhima's valour and good governance.

These three Kaivarta kings ruled Varendra for 25 to 30 years.