The Senas continued to rule in East Bengal for many years, even after Iktiyar ud-Din's Nadia expedition in 1202 Senaraja Lakshminsena's successors from East Bengal ruled at various times over a territory stretching from far north India to Nepal Historian Dr Ramesh Chandra Majumdar writes in his "History of the Bengal Country, Ancient Era," "There is an old saying among the petty hill-kingdoms of Punjab, such as Suket, Keusthal, Kishtwar and Mandi, that their ancestors were kings of Gaur.

From the Senas'titles, some infer that they are descendants of the Senas of Bengal ".

However, there are references to Gauda-Banga having contacts with northern India since ancient times For example, a queen of the Kashmiri king Jayapida was a princess of Gauda Also, the king of Kashmir Lalitaditya Muktapida came to Bengal and killed the king here, and in retaliation some royal soldiers went to Kashmir and broke the king's temple.

The last hero died, praised by Kalhan, the author of Rajatarangini Thus, the legend that historian Dr Ramesh Chandra Majumdar mentions in the beginning of this work, about the kings of North India, has support in history Not only this, but the book "Rajas of Punjab (London, 1873)" by L.

H Griffin also mentions that these dynasties came from Bengal.

In addition, the kings of the Terai region of Nepal are also believed to have come from Bengal The Sen dynasty, who ruled the Terai region of southeastern Nepal from the 13th to 18th centuries CE, are believed by Nepalese historians to have come from Bengal and to be a branch of the Senas of Bengal.

The place in southeastern Nepal where the Senas first settled is called Rupnagar, a small village in Saptari District in the Sagarmatha region of present-day Nepal.

Senas first started their rule from this Rupnagar Later they made their capital in Makwanpur region There are archaeological evidences of this For example, in Kanakpatti village near Makwanpur and Chandrabhoga forest, temple ruins including Senrajas palace have been found Also in Chandrabhoga forest, there are ruins of Senraj Chandrasen's garh i.

e fort, which is known as "Chandrabhoga Garhi" in the language of the local people There is a local legend that Senraj Chandrasen built this fort Moreover, in 1997, during heavy rains, a brick wall 32 feet long and 10 feet high was found Then in 2005, archaeological excavations were found here.

A lion army Bhagwati idol, which is said to be of the Sen period, and burnt clay animal figurines were found.

But now the question is, when did the Senas from Bengal go to North India and Nepal? To answer this, we must go back to 1202 AD, during the Nadia campaign of the Turkic general Iktiyar ud-Din Not wanting to be captured by Iktiyar ud-Din, Lakshmanasena sailed to East Bengal.

There his descendants Vishvarupa Sen and Keshavasena ruled for about fifty years Vishvarupa Sen was among them, who was given the title "Gargajavan," meaning the Conqueror of the Yavanas.

Another descendant of Lakshmanasena was Surasena (Suryasena?), who migrated from East Bengal to Prayag in the west, that is Allahabad He died there His son Rupasena appeared further northwest on the banks of the Sutlej River in Punjab, at Ropar, and defeated the local Muslims in battle, and established his own kingdom there.

The name Ropar is linked to Rupasena's name Rupasena was eventually killed by the local Muslims in the ensuing battle Rupasena's three sons - Virasena, Girisena, and Hamir Sen The three of them moved to the more secure Himalayan region in the northwest and established their own empires there The king of Suket was Boro Virasena, the king of Mej Girisena, the king of Keosthal, and the king of Kishtwar (Jammu) was Hamir Sen.

Later, a branch of Suketa went to Mandi and created a separate kingdom and became its king Bahusena is the first king of that dynasty Madhusudan Mukherjee, observing some copper plates of the Sena period, suggests that Suryasena was probably Lakshmanasena's grandson By 1206 CE, after Lakshmanasena's death, his son "Gargajavan" Vishwarupa Sen became king.

At that time, his son Suryasena, taking advantage of his ill health, tried unsuccessfully to usurp the throne and went into exile to Prayag by 1 CE Thus the Sen dynasty of Bengal spread from northern India to Nepal According to Nepalese historians, the Senas entered Nepal from the north Bengal side.

Just as Senraj Roop Sen's name is associated with Ropar on the Sutlej River in Punjab, which is derived from Roop Sen's name as Rupnagar, so is Rupnagar the name of the place in south-eastern Nepal where the Senas first settled Mukundsen of the Sen dynasty was the first to arrive in this Rupnagar of Nepal.

No king is known after him.

Then, at the end of the 17th century, the Sena kingdom was divided into two parts, one part having its capital at Makawanpur and the other at Vijaypur From the end of the 17th century, the names of the kings of both these parts are found, as from Makawanpur: Maniksen, Mahipatisen, Viswantersen (1751-1756 AD), Kamadatsen (1756-1769 AD) and the last Raghunathsen.

On the other hand, the kings who ruled from Vijaypur were Hemkarnsen, Jagatsen (1730 AD), Mukundsen (1753 AD), Vikramsen and the last Karnsen.

It was during the reign of the last king Karnasena that Prithvinarayan Shah gradually conquered the smaller kingdoms of Nepal and established an organized Kingdom of Nepal Karnasena, unable to keep pace with him, moved with his minister Buddhikarna Raya to Sikkim and then to Calcutta in July 1774.

Sen was accompanied by several royal priests, courtesans and royal scholars during his migration from Gauda-Banga to North India and Nepal He took with him a large number of Sanskrit and Bengali manuscripts He then married the natives After a few generations, he forgot his native language His descendants are known as "Gauda Brahmins.

" Many of these Gauda Brahmins, including the Senaraja family of North India, are known to have ancient manuscripts in their homes which were taken from Gauda-Banga Thus, the royal estates of the Sen dynasty kings of Gauda-Banga were developed from North India to Nepal.

1) Rajahs of Panjab (London, 1873): L H Griffin 2) The Sen Dynasty from Begal to Nepal: Basudevlal Das 3) A Brief History of Nepal: Baburam Acharya4) History of Bengal, Volume I, Monomohan Prakashani, Calcutta, 1389 B C E : Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay 5) Sen Dynasty in the Western Himalayas: Madhusudan Mukherjee, Desh, 1401.