The first Arab expedition to Sindh failed.
Two small kingdoms on the western frontier of India, Kabulistan (Kabul) and Zabulistan (Zabul), had long resisted Arab invasions and maintained their independence for nearly two hundred years The Arabs had launched the Indus campaign, having failed repeatedly in Kabulistan and Zabulistan The Arab world had already undergone a change of rulers.
Persia had been conquered by Muslim forces The ruler of Iraq was Hajjaj He annexed the provinces of Bukhara, Samarkand, and Ferghana to his empire and made peace with the Chinese ruler of Kashgar This was, in effect, the real founder of the former vast Persian Empire.
Persia had been conquered by Muslim forces The ruler of Iraq was Hajjaj He annexed the provinces of Bukhara, Samarkand, and Ferghana to his empire and made peace with the Chinese ruler of Kashgar This was, in effect, the real founder of the former vast Persian Empire.
In a trivial incident, Hajjaj invaded Sindh The reason for this is that the Sinhala king sent some precious gifts to the Caliph and Hajjaj in two ships On the way, the two ships were looted by pirates near the port of Debal On the other hand, some Arab merchants died while trading in Sinhala.
The Sinhala king was kind enough to send the destitute wives, sons and daughters of those merchants to Hajjaj in two ships But on the way, it was looted by pirates near the port of Debal.
A third reason is that the caliph sent some of his retainers to India to buy slaves and other goods, but the ship was looted by pirates near Sindh on the way.
Hajjaj then approached Sindhuraj Dahir Sen for compensation, who stated that he had no control over the pirates and could not punish or compensate them for this.
Hajjaj then prepared for a military campaign against Sindhuraj Dahir According to historian Ishwari Prasad, the Caliph also gave his permission for the military campaign at Hajjaj's own request Sindhuraj Dahir was engaged in a fierce battle with the Arab forces of Hajjaj The Arab commander was killed in this fierce battle and the Hajjaj forces were defeated.
ঐতিহাসিক ঈশ্বরী প্রসাদ জানাচ্ছেন, ---
But this Punitive expedition against Debal, which the Khalifa had sanctioned at the so-called request of Hajjaj, failed and the Arab general who captained it was defeated and put to death by the Sindhis.
This was the first Arab expedition to fail on the Indus.
তথ্যসূত্র:
Reading in Political History of India: R C Majumder 2) History of Medieval India: Iswari Prasad.
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eiusmod. Brunch 3 wolf moon tempor, sunt aliqua put a bird on it squid single-origin coffee nulla
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